Test message delivery of disaster and crisis management report sent from QZSS

category: gnss

Table of contents

Schedule

The quasi-zenith satellite Michibiki broadcasts the disaster and crisis management reports via the L1S channel. This message is broadcast at a rate of 1 message every 4 seconds, and the content consisting of 250 bits is transmitted over 1 second.

The test data was scheduled to be broadcast today from 10:00 to 12:00 JST (Japan Standard Time) on March 25th. The details of the test messages is summarized as follows.

Scenario number	Start time	End time	Test message	Remarks
1	10:00	10:05	Earthquake Early Warning	Assuming the Yamagata earthquake that occurred on June 18, 2019
2	10:10	10:15	Tsunami warning	Assuming the warning for the Yamagata earthquake that occurred on June 18, 2019 was used as a warning.
3	10:20	10:25	Tsunami warning cancellation	Assuming the above cancellation
4	10:30	10:35	Seismic intensity	Assuming the Yamagata earthquake that occurred on June 18, 2019
5	10:40	10:45	Volcano	Assuming an eruption of Mt. Aso
6	10:50	10:55	Ash fall	Assuming an eruption of Mt. Aso
7	11:00	11:05	Details of ash fall (5 copies)	18 points information assuming the eruption of Mt. Aso
8	11:10	11:15	Meteorological record short-time heavy rain information	Assuming heavy rain information in Tochigi prefecture
9	11:20	11:25	Flood warning information	Assuming Kinugawa river at Tochigi prefecture
10	11:30	11:35	Flood warning cancellation	Assuming the above cancellation
11	11:40	12:00	Nankai Trough Earthquake (63 messages)	Contents of the Japan Meteorological Agency test delivery on May 18, 2019

For the disaster and crisis management reports, a message consists of only 250 bits including the header. However, except for scenario 11 this time, preset character string numbers are delivered, so it is possible to transmit a lot of content about possible disasters.

Since the same message is delivered repeatedly, it can be expected that it can be received correctly even if there is a lack of information reception due to mobile reception.

Even during the this test message delivery, you may encounter a real message delivery. In this test delivery, it was announced that it may be delivered mixed with priority and normal ones.

Scenario 1 (Earthquake Early Warning)

Even before the start of the test message delivery, a sea fog warning had already been issued from off Sanriku to off Noto Peninsula. The test delivery has started, mixed with this non-test delivery.

The message does not have a time stamp of the sending time. Therefore, I observed the message sending time at GNSS time. The delivery time of Scenario 1 that I first caught was 10:01:17.

Disaster report (Earthquake Early Warning)
Be wary of strong earthquake.

Announcement time: 10:00 on March 25

Earthquake center name: off Yamagata prefecture
Earthquake occurrence time: 10:00 on the 25th
Depth (km): 10
Magnitude: 6.8
Seismic intensity (lower limit): Seismic intensity of 6 low
Seismic intensity (upper limit): more
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
Niigata
Tohoku
Hokuriku

The time when the last message was received was 10:06:13.

Scenario 2 (tsunami warning)

I caught the first message at 10:11:17.

Disaster report (tsunami)
Announced tsunami warning.
<Tsunami warning>
Damage caused by the tsunami will occur.
People along the coast or river should immediately evacuate to a safe place such as a hill or an evacuation building.
The tsunami hits repeatedly. Do not leave a safe place until the alarm is cleared.

Announcement time: 10:10 on March 25

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:10
Tsunami height: 3m
Yamagata Prefecture

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:10
Tsunami height: 3m
Niigata Prefecture Kaminaka Kaetsu

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:10
Tsunami height: 3m
Sado

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:10
Tsunami height: 3m
Noto, Ishikawa Prefecture

The time of the last confirmed report was 10:16:09.

Scenario 3 (Tsunami warning cancellation)

I confirmed the first message at 10:21:17.

Disaster report (tsunami)
Announced the cancellation of the alarm.
Sea level fluctuations are expected to continue for some time in the future.

Announcement time: 10:20 on March 25

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:20
Tsunami height: 3m
Yamagata Prefecture

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:20
Tsunami height: 3m
Niigata Prefecture Kaminaka Kaetsu

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:20
Tsunami height: 3m
Sado

Expected arrival time of tsunami: 10:20
Tsunami height: 3m
Noto, Ishikawa Prefecture

The time of the last report I confirmed was 10:26:17.

Scenario 4 (seismic intensity)

The first report time was 10:31:17.

Disaster report (seismic intensity)
At around 10:30 on the 25th, strong trimble occured due to the earthquake.

Announcement time: 10:30 on March 25

Seismic intensity 6 lower: Yamagata Prefecture
Seismic intensity 5+: Niigata Prefecture
Seismic intensity 4: Iwate prefecture
Seismic intensity 4: Miyagi prefecture
Seismic intensity 4: Akita prefecture
Seismic intensity 4: Fukushima prefecture

The last report time was 10:36:09.

Scenario 5 (volcano)

The first message time was 10:41:17 and the last message time was 10:46:09.

Disaster report (volcano)

Announcement time: 10:40 on March 25

Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 10:40 on the 25th
Phenomenon: Eruption
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Scenario 6 (ash fall)

The first message time was 10:51:17 and the last message time was 10:56:13.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 10:50 on March 25

Ash fall forecast (breaking news)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 10:50 on the 25th

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Scenario 7 (details of ash fall)

The ash fall details can include information on up to 4 points a message. In this delivery, 18 points were assumed, and therefore the transmission was divided into 5 messages. The first one arrived at 11:01:17.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 11:00 on March 25

Ashfall forecast (details)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 11:00 on the 25th

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: Slightly large amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: Slightly large amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 1 hour
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minamiaso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 2 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Four seconds later, the second delivery arrived for the next delivery. The time is 11:01:21.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 11:00 on March 25

Ashfall forecast (details)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 11:00 on the 25th

Time from base time: 2 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 2 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 3 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 3 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Four seconds later, the third letter arrived. The time is 11:01:25.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 11:00 on March 25

Ashfall forecast (details)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 11:00 on the 25th

Time from base time: 3 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 4 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 4 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 4 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Four seconds later, the fourth letter arrived. The time is 11:01:29.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 11:00 on March 25

Ashfall forecast (details)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 11:00 on the 25th

Time from base time: 5 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 5 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 5 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 6 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture

The last 5th message arrived in the next frame. The time is 11:01:37.

Disaster report (ash fall)

Announcement time: 11:00 on March 25

Ashfall forecast (details)
Volcano name: Mt. Aso
Date and time: 11:00 on the 25th

Time from base time: 6 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Takamori Town, Kumamoto Prefecture

Time from base time: 6 hours
Phenomenon: A small amount of ash fall
Minami-aso Village, Kumamoto Prefecture

Following the message, the same message as the first one (11:01:41), the same message as the second one (11:01:45), and the same message as the third one (11:01:49) were sent. But the next frame was followed by a non-test “sea wind warning” (11:01:53). In the following frames, the test was resumed and the 4th (11:01:57) and 5th were broadcast (11:02:01). Other messages may be inserted in the middle, but the order of this series of messages does not seem to change. This scenario ended with the fifth broadcast at 11:06:09.

After that, two marine fog warnings and one marine wind warning were repeatedly broadcast.

Scenario 8 (weather)

The first message was delivered at 11:11:17. The last message was delivered at 11:16:09.

Disaster report (weather)

Announcement time: March 25, 11:10

Record short-time heavy rain warning: Tochigi Prefecture

There were 14 test reports, followed by one non-test maritime fog warning. After that, there were four test reports and another high-sea fog warning. This scenario ended the 11:16:09 call at the end.

Scenario 9 (flood warning)

We observed the test delivery of scenario 9 at 11:21:17 while three maritime fog warnings were repeatedly delivered. The last test delivery was 11:26:09.

Disaster report (flood)

Announcement time: March 25, 11:20

Inundation warning information: Kinugawa (Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures)

Scenario 10 (Flood warning cancellation)

The first report was delivered at 11:31:17 and the last report was delivered at 11:36:09.

災危通報(洪水)

発表時刻：3月25日11時30分

警報解除：鬼怒川(栃木県・茨城県)

シナリオ11（南海トラフ地震）

While this report distribution is in free format, it is interesting to know how to transmit it because only 6 characters can be transmitted every 4 seconds in a disaster and crisis report.

The original text is as follows.

***これは訓練です***ロロロロロロ南海トラフ地震臨時情報(巨大地震警戒)**ロ見出しロ**ロ本日(●日)●時●分頃に●●●●●●を震源とするM●.●の地震が発生しました。この地震と南海トラフ地震との関連性について検討した結果、この地震は南海トラフ地震の想定震源域のプレート境界のうち、●●●●●●から●●●●●●にかけての領域で発生したものと考えられます。ロ南海トラフ地震の想定震源域のうち、今回の地震の震源域とならなかった●●●●●●から●●●●●●にかけての領域でも、大規模地震の発生可能性が平常時に比べて相対的に高まっていると考えられます。今後の政府や市町村からの情報に注意してください。**ロ本文ロ**ロ本日(●日)●時●分に、●●●●●●を震源とするM●.●の地震が発生しました。その後の地震活動は活発な状態が続いています。また、東海地域のひずみ観測点では、M●.●の地震に伴う変化(とそれに引き続くゆっくりとした変化)が観測されています。ロ気象庁では、南海トラフ沿いの地震に関する評価検討会、地震防災対策強化地域判定会を臨時に開催し、この地震と南海トラフ地震との関連性について検討しました。——–【途中省略】——–ロ今後の政府や市町村からの情報に注意してください。ロ気象庁では、引き続き注意深く南海トラフ沿いの地殻活動の推移を監視します。ロ今後は、「南海トラフ地震関連解説情報」で地震活動や地殻変動の状況等を発表します。次回の情報発表は、●●時頃を予定しています。ロなお、新たな変化を観測した場合には随時発表します。※この情報は従来の「南海トラフ地震に関連する情報(臨時)」に用いている電文を活用して発表しています。***これは訓練です***

It’s long. This hidden character ● is also transmitted as it is. In this test delivery, the first 378 characters are to be transmitted. In other words, the entire report is a test delivery of 63 frames over 4 minutes and 12 seconds.

I observed the first frame at 11:41:17.

Disaster report (Nankai Trough earthquake) (1/63)

Announcement time: March 25, 11:40

＊＊＊これは

The next frame (time 11:41:21) is as follows:

Disaster report (Nankai Trough earthquake) (34/63)

Announcement time: March 25, 11:40

今回の地震の

Surprisingly, the messages are not continuous. This was followed by the 35th, 36th, and 1 non-test delivery maritime wind warnings, followed by the 37th, 38th, 39th, and 40th test deliveries.

After the 61st was delivered at 11:43:37, the 48th was delivered, then the 62nd. Therefore, in free form, the user must accumulate the messages and sort them based on the contents of the page number Pn field. The detailed PDF file also said, “Actually, it will be delivered in no particular order.”

Conclusion

I was able to receive test reports of disaster and crisis reports though this experiment, which gave me an opportunity to think about a better way to receive them.

The Michibiki’s disaster and crisis management report seems to be broadcast as the information from the Japan Meteorological Agency announces.